Neuroendocrine tumour of colon mimicking psoas abscess: an unusual presentation of an uncommon malignancy

Psoas abscess is a rare disease usually arising due to a benign underlying pathology such as tuberculous disease of spine, Crohn’s disease and diverticulitis. But it can be an uncommon presentation of intra abdominal malignancy. Spontaneous rupture of colon cancer, combined with psoas abscess formation is very rare. Most of these cases have been reported in relation to carcinoma colon. Colon is an uncommon site for neuroendocrine tumors. 70-80% of these tumors are asymptomatic and are found incidentally at the time of surgery or on colonoscopy. Through this article we report a rare case of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of colon in an elderly man presenting as psoas abscess associated with intestinal obstruction.

Síndrome de Boerhaave: uma complicação rara em pós-operatório de cirurgia estética / Boerhaave syndrome: a rare complication of cosmetic surgery

Introdução: Este estudo se trata de um relato de caso que tem por objetivo alertar os cirurgiões para uma possível complicação em pós-operatório de cirurgias estéticas longas sob anestesia geral. A Síndrome de Boerhaave é uma doença grave que ameaça a vida do paciente e merece um diagnóstico precoce até 12hs e um tratamento adequado. Relato de caso: A paciente no pós-operatório de cirurgia plástica abdominal e mastopexia apresentou, após anestesia geral, crises de vômito e náuseas. Resultados: Paciente com 58 anos do sexo feminino submetida à dermolipectomia abdominal e mastopexia pela a técnica de pedículo inferior sob raquianestesia, onde após um período de quatro horas do término da cirurgia apresentou vários episódios de vômitos. Após 10 horas do ato cirúrgico apresentou queixa de algia ao deglutir, seguida de algia intensa generalizada, dispneia intensa, sudorese, palidez, PA 90x50mmhg. Com a piora do quadro a paciente foi encaminhada para a unidade de terapia intensiva onde foi entubada. Foram realizados exames laboratoriais, toracocentese e exames radiológicos. Atualmente, a paciente encontra-se com prótese esofágica. Conclusões: Fazendo a correlação com a bibliografia, no caso em tela sugere-se evitar cirurgias prolongadas, principalmente sob anestesia geral onde pode ocorrer a retenção de gás carbônico, que pode levar a crise emética no pós-operatório em pacientes com antecedentes de doença esofagiana e estar atentos aos sintomas, não descartando a possibilidade da ocorrência da Síndrome Boerhaave.

Introduction: The objective of this case report is to alert surgeons to a possible postoperative complication of long cosmetic surgery under general anesthesia. Boerhaave syndrome is a serious life-threatening disease that requires diagnosis within 12 hours and proper treatment. Case report: A 58-year-old female patient presented with vomiting and nausea after abdominoplasty and mastopexy under general anesthesia. Results: The patient underwent dermolipectomy and mastopexy using the inferior pedicle technique under spinal anesthesia. Four hours after the operation, she presented several episodes of vomiting. Ten hours after the operation, she reported painful swallowing followed by generalized severe pain and presented severe dyspnea, sweating, pallor, and a 90/50 mmHg blood pressure. As the condition worsened, the patient was referred to the intensive care unit where she was intubated and underwent laboratory tests, thoracentesis, and radiological examinations. The patient currently uses an esophageal prosthesis. Conclusions: The literature suggests avoiding prolonged surgery, especially under general anesthesia, because of the risk of carbon dioxide retention, which may lead to postoperative emetic crisis in patients with a history of esophageal disease. It also suggests paying attention to symptoms, not excluding the possibility of Boerhaave syndrome.

Ruptura espontánea del semitendinoso secundario al uso de una quinolona / Spontaneous semitendinosus rupture secondary to the use of a quinolone

Resumen La ruptura espontánea de un tendón secundario al uso de una quinolona es un efecto adverso poco común, pero que con el paso de los años se ha venido documentado con mayor frecuencia. A pesar de lo anterior, aún no hay estudios clínicos que permitan aclarar su fisiopatología, qué estrategias pueden disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar una ruptura espontánea o a qué dosis de las diferentes quinolonas se aumenta el riesgo de presentar una ruptura espontánea. Adicionalmente, varías guías de práctica clínica incentivan el uso de las quinolonas como primera línea para el manejo de infecciones respiratorias o de vías urinarias sin hacer consideraciones sobre este efecto adverso. Por lo anterior, presentamos a continuación el caso de un paciente de 31 años que posterior al inicio de ciprofloxacina para el manejo de una diarrea aguda presento una ruptura espontánea del tendón del semitendinoso secundario al uso de la quinolona. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44: 115-118).

Abstract The spontaneous rupture of a tendon secondary to the use of a quinolone is an uncommon adverse effect, but over the years has been documented more frequently. Despite this, there are still no clini cal studies to clarify its pathophysiology, nor which strategies can reduce the risk of developing a spontaneous rupture or at what dose of the different quinolones the risk of presenting a spontaneous rupture increases. In addition, several clinical practice guidelines encourage the use of quinolones as the first line for the management of respiratory or urinary tract infections without considering this adverse effect. Therefore, the case of a 31 year old patient who after the start of ciprofloxacin for the management of acute diarrhea had spontaneous semitendinosus tendon rupture secondary to the use of quinolone, is presented. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44: 115-118).

Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous rupture of renal pelvis caused by pelviureteric junction obstruction in infants / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective@#To analyze the clinical features of spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis (SRRP) in infants caused by UPJO.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of 7 cases of SRRP in infants caused by UPJO in our hospital from October 2013 to October 2018 was performed. All the patients included 5 males and 2 females. The average age was(12.0±6.1) months(ranging 2 days-25 months). 3 cases suffered renal rupture in left side and 4 cases suffered renal rupture in right side. 2 cases had grade Ⅲ hydronephrosis and 5 cases had grade Ⅳ hydronephrosis. Other symptoms included fever in 4 cases, digestive symptoms in 3 cases, oliguria in 2. 7 cases were revealed RBC(+ + + )with urinary occult blood positive in urine test. 6 cases were found the white blood cells in urine was more than 8/μl. 3 cases had the elevated blood C-reactive protein.3 cases suffered with renal function insufficiency, which the creatinine was more than 110 μmol/L. The 2 cases of urinary extravasation was found in the posterior abdominal cavity and 2 in posterior abdominal cavity and abdominal cavity by CT enhanced scan. 4 cases performed open pyeloplasty, nephrostomy and perirenal drainage.2 cases performed pyeloplasty, nephrostomy, abdominal and perirenal drainage. 1 case performed perirenal drainage and retrograde indwelling Double-J stents.@*Results@#All operation performed successfully. The median operation time was 84 min (ranging 45-90 min). The estimate blood loss was 15 ml (ranging 10-35 ml)without any transfusion. The median time of postoperative perirenal drainage tube was 3 d (ranging 2-5 d), The median time of the abdominal drainage tube was 5 d (ranging 3-7 d), the median time of nephrostomy was 12 d (ranging 10-14 d). The median hospital stay was 14 d (ranging 10-21 d). The median follow-up was 18 months (ranging 3-36 months). One performed the second stage pyeloplasty after double-J stents removed, and the renal function gradually recovered.@*Conclusions@#The SRRP in infants caused by UPJO is rare and easily misdiagnosed. The degree of hydronephrosis and inflammation may be important factors affecting the spontaneous rupture of pediatric renal pelvis. When it occurs, it requires active intervention by the operation, while treating the stenosis of the UPJ and draining the extravasation of urine.

Analysis of 42 cases of emergency transcatheter arterial embolization in the treatment of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma / 国际外科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the safety and feasibility of emergency transcatheter arterial embolization in the treatment with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma.@*Methods@#The data of 42 patients with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated by emergency transcatheter arterial embolization from January 2015 to December 2018 in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chongqing Emergency Medical Center were collected. There were 35 males and 7 females, aged 28-78 years, with an average age of 51 years. The success rate of intubation, postoperative mortality and postoperative complications were observed.@*Results@#All patients were successfully intubated, 40 cases improved and discharged, 1case died within 1 month after operation, who with large amount of bleeding, 1 case died after 1 month, who with diffused liver cancer and liver failure, 3 cases were complicated liver or kidney failure, in whom 2 cases improved after active treatment.@*Conclusion@#Emergency transcatheter arterial embolization has the advantages of less trauma, short operation time, less postoperative complications and good hemostatic effect, which can increase the survival rate of patients under emergency conditions and lay a foundation for subsequent tumor treatment, it should be popularized in clinical work.

Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous rupture of renal pelvis caused by pelviureteric junction obstruction in infants / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical features of spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis (SRRP) in infants caused by UPJO.Methods A retrospective analysis of 7 cases of SRRP in infants caused by UPJO in our hospital from October 2013 to October 2018 was performed.All the patients included 5 males and 2 females.The average age was(12.0 ± 6.1) months(ranging 2 days-25 months).3 cases suffered renal rupture in left side and 4 cases suffered renal rupture in right side.2 cases had grade Ⅲ hydronephrosis and 5 cases had grade Ⅳ hydronephrosis.Other symptoms included fever in 4 cases,digestive symptoms in 3 cases,oliguria in 2.7 cases were revealed RBC (+ + +)with urinary occult blood positive in urine test.6 cases were found the white blood cells in urine was more than 8/μl.3 cases had the elevated blood C-reactive protein.3 cases suffered with renal function insufficiency,which the creatinine was more than 110 μmol/L.The 2 cases of urinary extravasation was found in the posterior abdominal cavity and 2 in posterior abdominal cavity and abdominal cavity by CT enhanced scan.4 cases performed open pyeloplasty,nephrostomy and perirenal drainage.2 cases performed pyeloplasty,nephrostomy,abdominal and perirenal drainage.1 case performed perirenal drainage and retrograde indwelling Double-J stents.Results All operation performed successfully.The median operation time was 84 min (ranging 45-90 min).The estimate blood loss was 15 ml (ranging 10-35 ml)without any transfusion.The median time of postoperative perirenal drainage tube was 3 d (ranging 2-5 d),The median time of the abdominal drainage tube was 5 d (ranging 3-7 d),the median time of nephrostomy was 12 d (ranging 10-14 d).The median hospital stay was 14 d (ranging 10-21 d).The median follow-up was 18 months (ranging 3-36 months).One performed the second stage pyeloplasty after double-J stents removed,and the renal function gradually recovered.Conclusions The SRRP in infants caused by UPJO is rare and easily misdiagnosed.The degree of hydronephrosis and inflammation may be important factors affecting the spontaneous rupture of pediatric renal pelvis.When it occurs,it requires active intervention by the operation,while treating the stenosis of the UPJ and draining the extravasation of urine.

Analysis of 42 cases of emergency transcatheter arterial embolization in the treatment of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of emergency transcatheter arterial embolization in the treatment with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The data of 42 patients with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated by emergency transcatheter arterial embolization from January 2015 to December 2018 in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chongqing Emergency Medical Center were collected.There were 35 males and 7 females,aged 28-78 years,with an average age of 51 years.The success rate of intubation,postoperative mortality and postoperative complications were observed.Results All patients were successfully intubated,40 cases improved and discharged,1case died within 1 month after operation,who with large amount of bleeding,1 case died after 1 month,who with diffused liver cancer and liver failure,3 cases were complicated liver or kidney failure,in whom 2 cases improved after active treatment.Conclusion Emergency transcatheter arterial embolization has the advantages of less trauma,short operation time,less postoperative complications and good hemostatic effect,which can increase the survival rate of patients under emergency conditions and lay a foundation for subsequent tumor treatment,it should be popularized in clinical work.

A Case of Spontaneous Rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Supplied by the Right Renal Capsular Artery Treated by Transcatheter Arterial Embolization

We present a case of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma with poor liver function managed by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). The patient's bilirubin level was 2.1 mg/dL, albumin level was 2.4 g/dL, and prothrombin time international normalized ratio was 2.1. In addition, the patient had also developed a large number of ascites. The tumor was supplied by the right renal capsular artery, as observed on angiography. With successful TAE, no hepatic failure occurred. We believe TAE can be a safe and effective treatment option, even in patients with poor liver function, if tumors are supplied only by extrahepatic collateral vessels.

Staged partial hepatectomy versus transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma rupture: a multicenter analysis in Korea

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors and compare the long-term outcomes of staged hepatectomy and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: This study is a multicenter, retrospective analysis of patients with newly diagnosed ruptured HCC. To compare overall survival between staged hepatectomy group and TACE alone group, we performed propensity score-matching to adjust for significant differences in patient characteristics. To identify prognostic factors, the clinical characteristics at the time of diagnosis of tumor rupture were investigated using Cox-regression analysis. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2014, 172 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed ruptured HCC were treated in 6 Korean centers. One hundred seventeen patients with Child-Pugh class A disease were identified; of which 112 were initially treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hemostasis and five underwent emergency surgery for bleeder ligation. Of the 112 patients treated with TAE, 44 underwent staged hepatectomy, 61 received TACE alone, and 7 received conservative treatment after TAE. Those that underwent staged hepatectomy had significantly higher overall survival than those that underwent TACE alone before matching (P 1,200 mL, and tumor size >5 cm were associated with poor overall survival. CONCLUSION: Staged hepatectomy may offer better long-term survival than TACE alone for spontaneous rupture of HCC. Staged hepatectomy should be considered in spontaneous rupture of HCC with resectable tumor and preserved liver function.

Hemoperitoneo como manifestación inicial de carcinoma hepatocelular: reporte de tres casos / Hemoperitoneum as initial manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma: report of three cases

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main primary liver malignancy. Its prevalence is increasing and is associated in 90% to cirrhotic patients. Hemoperitoneum secondary to spontaneous rupture of the tumor is an uncommon complication in Latin America and the Western world, being more prevalent in Asian races. However, it is associated to hemodynamic repercussion with high mortality, therefore high level of suspicion and early treatment are required. Regarding the management of the condition, in addition to hemodynamic stabilization, active hemostatic control is recommended over conservative management, transarterial chemoembolization being currently the chosen alternative. We present a series of three clinical cases of patients who debuted with clinical manifestation of hemoperitoneum during the diagnostic process of a HCC.

El carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) corresponde a la principal neoplasia maligna primaria hepática. Su prevalencia va en aumento y se asocia en 90% a pacientes cirróticos. El hemoperitoneo secundario a rotura espontánea del tumor constituye una complicación infrecuente en Latinoamérica y Occidente, siendo más prevalente en razas asiáticas. Sin embargo, se asocia a repercusión hemodinámica con alta mortalidad, por lo que requiere un alto índice de sospecha y tratamiento oportuno precoz. En cuanto al manejo del cuadro, junto a la estabilización hemodinámica se recomienda un control hemostático activo por sobre manejo conservador, siendo la embolización transarterial la alternativa de elección actualmente. Describimos a continuación una serie de tres casos clínicos de pacientes que debutan con manifestación clínica de hemoperitoneo durante el proceso diagnóstico de un CHC.

Fatal spontaneous rupture of splenic artery aneurysm in third trimester pregnancy

@#Introduction: Unforeseen emergency in late pregnancy can be catastrophic and cause unexpected maternal and foetal demise. Moreover, lack of awareness and failure of prompt treatment raise mortality rate. Such fatalities warrant a forensic autopsy as it may raise redundant medico-legal concerns. Case Report: We report a case that revealed significant intra-abdominal haemorrhage at autopsy. The source of haemorrhage was at the spleen hilum and histology established rupture of splenic artery aneurysm. There was no associated obstetric cause found. Conclusion: Knowledge of spontaneous rupture of splenic artery aneurysm in late pregnancy is essential for monitoring maternal and foetal, morbidity and mortality. However, in the eventuality of death a comprehensive forensic autopsy is the only investigation to recognise such calamity and clear clinical confusion.

Role of emergency and staged hepatectomy in peritoneal metastasis associated with spontaneous rupture of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of emergency and staged hepatectomy in peritoneal metastasis associated with ruptured hemorrhage of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients,and investigate the impact of surgery timing-selecting on peritoneal metastasis of postoperative HCC patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conduct on the pooled data from 38 HCC patients with spontaneously ruptured hemorrhage treated in our hospital from August 2011 to January 2016.These patients were divided into emergency group who underwent hepatectomy within 24 hours at admission,and staged group who underwent the procedure one week after admission.Perioperative events,overall survival (OS) and disease-freesurvival (DFS) rates,incidence of recurrent and metastatic disease were compared between the two groups.Results The perioperative blood loss and transfusion were much more in emergency group than staged group (both P ＜ 0.05).Nevertheless,the incidence of postoperative mortality was not significantly different (6.0％ vs 0％,P ＞ 0.05).The median survival was 22.5 months in emergency group versus 14.2 months in staged group.The 6-month,1-year,3-year OS rates in emergency group were 88.2％,82.4％ and 30.3％ respectively,and 6-month,1-year,3-year DFS rates were 81.3％,54.7％ and 27.3％.The 1-year OS and 6-month DFS rates were higher than those of staged group (both P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of peritoneal metastasis in staged group was higher than that in emergency group,but it was not significantly different (38.1％ vs 29.4％,P ＞ 0.05).Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that tumor diameter ≥ 10 cm and AFP ＞ 10 000 μg/L were the risk factors for peritoneal metastasis after hepatectomy for HCC patients with spontaneously ruptured hemorrhage.Conclusions Emergency hepatectomy would warrant a better short-term prognosis compared with staged hepatectomy for the HCC patients with spontaneously ruptured hemorrhage.Staged hepatectomy would not raise the possibility of postoperative peritoneal metastasis.The predictors of tumor diameter ≥ 10 cm and AFP ＞ 10 000 μg/L were risk factors for peritoneal metastasis after hepatectomy for spontaneously ruptured HCC patients.

Selective arterial embolization for the treatment of spontaneous rupture with bleeding of hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of curative effect and prognosis / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the curative effect of transarterial embolization (TAE) for the treatment of spontaneous rupture with bleeding of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and to discuss the factors influencing prognosis.Methods A total of 57 patients with HCC complicated by spontaneous rupture and bleeding,who received initial TAE during the period from June 2012 and June 2016,were enrolled in this study.The last follow-up visit was in October 2016.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative survival rate,and Cox regression model was adopted to analyze prognostic factors.Results In this series of 57 patients,the median survival time was 208 days.The 6-month,1-year and 2-year cumulative survival rates were 50.3％,35.9％ and 14.7％,respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that tumor size,Child-Pugh classification,history of shock,and the used embolization materials were the independent prognostic factors.Conclusion The use of selective TAE,as an initial therapy,for HCC complicated by spontaneous rupture and bleeding is safe and effective.This study reveals that larger diameter of the tumor,poor Child-Pugh classification,the presence of shock history indicate a poor prognosis.TACE using lipiodol combined with gelatin sponge particles can expect a better prognosis than TACE using PVA particles alone.

Three Cases of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Spontaneous Rupture of the Thoracic Aorta / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

<p>Spontaneous rupture of the thoracic aorta without trauma, aneurysm or dissection is a rare but fatal disease. We reported successful endovascular aortic repair of thoracic aortic spontaneous rupture in 3 patients. Generally, it is difficult to accurately identify the rupture site in the spontaneous rupture. However, by detailed planning based on the data of preoperative CT images, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) can be successfully performed, like surgical repair of spontaneous rupture of the distal aortic arch or descending thoracic aorta. TEVAR should be considered as a first-line therapy, especially, in patients with advanced age or significant comorbidities.</p>

Spontaneous Hepatic Rupture in a Pregnant Woman with Preeclampsia: An Autopsy Case / 대한법의학회지

Spontaneous hepatic rupture, which is a complication of hypertension in pregnancy, is extremely rare. However, high maternal and perinatal mortality rates are observed. Several factors, namely, age over 30 years, multiparity, severe preeclampsia, or HELLP syndrome (a group of symptoms which include hemolytic anemia, hepatic enzyme increase, and thrombocytopenia), are associated with this condition. An autopsy case of a woman with twin pregnancy was studied. She was at 36 weeks of gestational age and suffered from the sudden development and rapid progression of hypertension. Moreover, she died because of spontaneous hepatic rupture despite an emergency operation. Autopsy revealed a capsular rupture of the right lobe of the liver with numerous blood clots and hypovolemic signs, such as weak postmortem lividity and palor of the skin and conjunctiva. A close examination of the trunk and liver for the classification of the cause of rupture and an assessment of medical history, such as preeclampsia, are needed during postmortem examination of pregnant women with hepatic rupture or her fetus. To the best of our knowledge, this fatal complication in pregnant women is not yet presented in postmortem examinations in Korea. Thus, we report the findings of this case to share the knowledge.

A case of ruptured hepatic angiomyolipoma in a young male

A 31-year-old male visited a local hospital due to sudden-onset severe abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a solid cystic mass with a size of approximately 12 cm and exhibiting both hemorrhage and fluid collection in the pelvic cavity. Emergency angiography and embolization were performed, and a large hepatic tumor was subsequently surgically resected. The tumor cells stained positive for human melanoma black-45 and smooth-muscle actin, and the pathologic diagnosis was hepatic angiomyolipoma. This case report also discusses the spontaneous rupture of a hepatic angiomyolipoma.

Spontaneous ruptured pheochromocytoma: an unusual case report and literature review

Ruptured pheochromocytoma is a rare disease. Its mortality rate is up to 31%–50%. Proper management of ruptured pheochromocytoma remains unclear. A 44-year-old male patient visited our Emergency Department and presented with abrupt onset of left flank pain. His blood pressure was 190/140 mmHg with purse rate of 130 beats/min. CT scan showed 8.1 × 5.6-cm-sized heterogeneously mass with rupture on the left retroperitoneal space and active bleeding. His symptom of abdominal pain was aggravated. Follow-up laboratory analysis revealed elevated WBC count and decreased hemoglobin 2 hours after admission. Emergency laparotomy was performed. We resected the ruptured left retroperitoneal mass and hemostasis. Pathologic exams revealed adrenal pheochromocytoma with rupture. Although our patient was alive, according to literature review, mortality rate of emergency operation without medical management is higher than elective operation after blood pressure control with either medical or interventional methods such as transcatheter arterial embolization.

Ruptura espontánea de la vejiga: Reporte de un caso / Spontaneous rupture of bladder: Case report

La ruptura espontánea de la vejiga se considera una urgencia urológica que requiere un alto índice de sospecha para realizar el diagnóstico y su tratamiento puede llegar a tener gran complejidad. Se reporta un caso de una paciente de 54 años, con antecedente de cáncer de cuello uterino tratado con radioterapia en 1993 y un sarcoma pleomorfo en la región lumbar-sacra manejada con cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia en el 2007. Consultó al servicio de urgencias por un cuadro de dolor progresivo en el hipogastrio, emesis e incontinencia de orina mixta. En la tomografía abdominal y pélvica hubo evidencia de extravasación del medio de contraste en la pared posterior de vejiga. Se practicó una laparotomía exploratoria y sutura vesical. La paciente presentó una adecuada evolución y en el seguimiento la tomografía pélvica fue normal.

Spontaneous rupture of the bladder is considered a urological emergency requiring a high index of suspicion for its diagnosis, and treatment can have a high degree of complexity. A case is presented of a 54 year-old patient with a history of cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy in 1993, and pleomorphic sarcoma in the lumbar and sacral region that received management with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 2007. She consulted in the emergency room with symptoms of progressive lower abdomen pain, emesis, and mixed urinary incontinence. The abdominal and pelvic tomography showed no evidence of extravasation of the contrast medium in the posterior wall of the bladder. An exploratory laparotomy and bladder suture was performed. The patient showed adequate progress and the follow-up pelvic scan was normal.

Insuficiencia aórtica aguda por ruptura espontánea de una sigmoidea aórtica: Reporte de nueve casos / Acute aortic regurgitation due to spontaneous rupture of an aortic sigmoid: Report of nine cases / Insuficiência aórtica aguda devida à ruptura espontânea de uma cúspide aórtica: Relato de nove casos

Introducción. La regurgitación valvular aórtica tiene diversos mecanismos, formas de presentación y etiología. La causa de ruptura espontánea es muy rara, la literatura se limita a casos aislados. Objetivo. Evaluar la correlación clínico-patológica de la ruptura o fenestración o eversión valvular aórtica espontánea y sus formas de presentación. Materiales. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de 9 pacientes, con aparición de nuevo soplo diastólico, 7 hombres de 28, 36, 42, 53, 56 y dos de 58 años, 2 mujeres de 66 y 75 años; quienes ingresaron por mayor deterioro de su clase funcional (CF) según New York Heart Association (NYHA). Resultados. La forma de presentación fue con mayor deterioro de la CF en los pacientes más jóvenes (CF III/ lV NYHA). El eco-Doppler cardíaco mostró: a) leve a moderada degeneración mixomatosa de la válvula aórtica (VAo), trivalva en 8 pacientes y bicúspide en uno. b) La cúspide aórtica evertida fue la valva coronariana derecha en 8 pacientes y en un paciente, masculino, la sigmoidea izquierda; en todos con ruptura y amplia protrusión o fenestración en tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo. c) Severa insuficiencia valvular aórtica (IAo). d) Dilatación de cavidad izquierda y moderada a severa disfunción sistólica. e) Válvula mitral con leve degeneración mixomatosa sin prolapso. f) Hipertensión pulmonar moderada. f) No se identificaron vegetaciones valvulares y no hubo signos de endocarditis aguda o curada en todos los pacientes. Se derivó a cirugía al 100% de los pacientes, 1 óbito post quirúrgico inmediato (11,1%), 2 óbitos en prequirúrgico (22,2%) y 3 pacientes con cirugías exitosas (33,3%), se desconoce evolución del resto. Conclusiones. 1) La patogénesis de la afección puede ser mixomatosis de una cúspide y del anillo aórtico. En el 88,8% de los casos la ruptura correspondió a la valva coronariana derecha. 2) La fenestración extensa de una cúspide valvular aórtica, de causa degenerativa puede causar IAo moderada-severa y disfunción sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo después de la ruptura de una cúspide valvular. 3) Dicha ruptura no infecciosa y no traumática de una VAo puede resultar además en una IAo aguda severa, particularmente, en hombres con hipertensión arterial crónica.

Antecedents. Aortic valvular regurgitation has diverse mechanisms, forms of presentation and etiology. The cause like spontaneous rupture is very rare and literature is limited isolated reports of cases. Objective. To evaluate the clinic pathological correlation of rupture or fenestration or eversion spontaneous aortic valve and its presentation. Materials. Observational, retrospective study of 9 patients with new onset diastolic murmur, 7 men of 28, 36, 42, 53, 56 and two of 58 years and 2 women of 66 and 75 years; who they were admitted for further deterioration of the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC). Results. The mode of presentation was to further deterioration of the FC in younger patients (NYHA FC III/IV). Doppler echocardiography color showed: a) mild to moderate myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valve, tricuspid in 8 patients and one bicuspid; b) the everted aortic cusp was the right coronary cusp in 8 patients and in one patient, male, left sigmoid; all with break and wide fenestration protrusion or outflow tract of the left ventricle; c) severe aortic regurgitation; d) dilated left cavity and moderate to severe systolic dysfunction; e) mitral valve myxomatous degeneration with mild without prolapse; f) moderate pulmonary hypertension; f) no valvular vegetations were identified and there were no signs of acute or cured endocarditis in all patients. It was referred to surgery 100% of patients 1 immediate post operative death (11.1%), 2 deaths in pre-surgical (22.2%) and 3 patients with successful surgeries (33.3%), evolution is unknown the other patients. Conclusions. 1) The pathogenesis of this one affection would be the mixomatosis of cusp and the ring to valvular aortic. In 88.8% of cases he corresponded to rupture the right coronary cusp. 2) A fenestrated cusp in extensive form with an expanded aortic ring of degenerative cause can cause chronic insufficiency or sudden deterioration after the rupture of a one cusp valvular. 3) No infectious and no traumatic rupture of cord-like aortic valve structures may result in severe acute aortic regurgitation. Particularly in men with chronic hypertension.

Introdução. A regurgitação valvular aórtica tem diversos mecanismos, formas de apresentação e etiologia. A causa da ruptura espontânea é muito rara, a literatura é limitada á casos isolados. Objetivo. Avaliar a correlação clínico-patológica da ruptura ou fenestração ou eversão da valva aórtica espontânea e sua apresentação. Materiais. Estudo observacional, retrospectivo de 9 pacientes com aparição de novo sopro diastólico, 7 homens de 28, 36, 42, 53, 56 e dois de 58 anos e 2 mulheres de 66 e 75 anos, com insuficiência aórtica grave foram admitidos à maior deterioração da classe funcional da New York Heart Association (CF-NYHA). Resultados. O modo de apresentação foi com maior deterioração da CF-NYHA em os pacientes mais jovens (NYHA CF III/IV). O ecocardiograma com Doppler colorido mostrou: a) leve a moderada degeneração mixomatosa da valva aórtica, tricúspide em 8 pacientes e bicúspide em um; b) a cúspide aórtica fenestrada foi a cúspide coronária direita em 8 pacientes e em um paciente, do sexo masculino, a cúspide esquerda; em todos com ruptura e ampla protrusão ou via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo; c) regurgitação aórtica grave; d) dilatada cavidade esquerda e moderada a grave disfunção sistólica; e) válvula mitral com leve degeneração mixomatosa sem prolapso; f) hipertensão pulmonar moderada; f) não foram identificadas vegetações valvares e não houve sinais de endocardite aguda ou curada em todos os pacientes. A intervenção cirúrgica foi recomendada em todos os casos, dois pacientes morreram no pós-operatório e um paciente morreu no pré-operatório. Conclusões. 1) A patogênese desta doença pode ser mixomatose de uma cúspide e do anel valvar aórtico. Em 88,8% dos casos, a ruptura correspondeu à cúspide coronariana direita. 2) A fenestração extensa de uma cúspide valvar aórtica de causa degenerativa pode causar insuficiência aórtica moderada a grave e disfunção sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo após da ruptura de uma cúspide. 3) Nesta ruptura não infecciosa e não traumática de uma valva aórtica pode resultar na insuficiência aórtica aguda grave. Particularmente em homens com hipertensão arterial crônica.